Shou-Jiang (SJ) Gao, PhD

Dr. Gao's Laboratory is at the forefront of investigating cancer viruses and their associated malignancies, with a primary focus on elucidating the mechanisms of oncogenesis induced by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) for nearly three decades. Our research endeavors have expanded to encompass a broad spectrum of viral pathogens, including human papillomavirus (HPV), SARS-CoV-2, and Zika virus.

Using a multidisciplinary approach, we establish numerous infection models of primary cells and employ reverse genetics to study various aspects of KSHV infection, including acute infection, viral latency and reactivation, virus-host interactions, cellular transformation, and tumorigenesis. Our comprehensive methodology integrates expertise in virology, molecular and cellular biology, biochemistry, genomics, computational biology, and clinical studies.

Through our investigations, we have uncovered the complex mechanisms by which KSHV subverts the host immune response, induces inflammation and angiogenesis, and reprograms metabolic pathways, the epigenome, and the epitranscriptome. These discoveries have led to the identification of viral and cellular essential genes critical to these processes and have facilitated the identification of novel therapeutic targets and agents.

Furthermore, our research has extended beyond cancer viruses to elucidate novel cellular functions, such as the recent discovery of the tumor suppressor role of a novel arginine sensor, CASTOR1, in KSHV-induced cancer, as well as its implications in breast and lung cancer. Leveraging genetic mouse models, we have demonstrated the crucial function of CASTOR1 in regulating innate and adaptive immunity, which plays an integral role in the interactions between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment.

Overall, Dr. Gao's Laboratory is committed to advancing our understanding of cancer viruses and associated malignancies, with the ultimate goal of developing innovative strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Our research contributes to the broader scientific community's efforts to combat these devastating diseases and improve patient outcomes.